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Opawa

Coordinates: 43°33′05″S 172°39′43″E / 43.551342°S 172.661937°E / -43.551342; 172.661937
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(Redirected from Opawa, New Zealand)
This article is about the suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. For places in Poland, see Opawa (disambiguation). For the city in the Czech Republic, see Opava.

Opawa
Suburb
Main retail area on Opawa Road, looking south-east towards Mount Cavendish
Main retail area on Opawa Road, looking south-east towards Mount Cavendish
Map
Coordinates: 43°33′05″S 172°39′43″E / 43.551342°S 172.661937°E / -43.551342; 172.661937
CountryNew Zealand
CityChristchurch
Local authorityChristchurch City Council
Electoral wardHeathcote
Community boardWaihoro Spreydon-Cashmere-Heathcote
Area
[1]
 • Land81 ha (200 acres)
Population
 (June 2023)[2]
 • Total1,320
Waltham Woolston
Opawa
St Martins Hillsborough

Opawa is an inner residential suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand. It is located approximately 3.5 kilometres (2.2 miles) south-east of the city centre. In its early days, a kāinga was located near the present-day Vincent Place and Judge Street intersection. The Māori name for this area is "Ōpāwaho". The area later became a rural-agricultural locality, with many of the early settlers of English descent. It was established around a loop of the Heathcote River, where a number of large houses were built on large riverside sections. Notable heritage-listed houses in the suburb include "Risingholme" and "The Hollies". Opawa was heavily urbanised during Woolston's industrial development era and its population included factory workers and businesspeople. Opawa amalgamated in to the city area in 1916.

The suburb's main roads are Opawa Road and Ensors Road. The main retail area is centred on Opawa Road. It developed on one of the earliest settled routes, at the intersection of Hawford and Reeves Roads. Opawa Road is no longer the primary thoroughfare through to Lyttelton and the suburb of Heathcote Valley. St Mark's Anglican Church, a prominent landmark in the suburb, is also located near the main retail area on Opawa Road. State Highway 76 (Brougham Street) and the Main South Line are situated further north of the suburb.

At a national level, the suburb is currently part of the Christchurch Central parliamentary electorate. Locally, the suburb is part of the Heathcote Ward for Christchurch City Council local body elections. The suburb contains three primary schools and two kindergartens. Noted people with Opawa connections include some of the early settlers and several people who were born or educated in the suburb.

History[edit]

The Māori name for the area is Ōpāwaho.[3] It is a combination of 'Ō' which means a part of and pā and 'waho' which means outer or outside a defined area.[4] Ōpāwaho (or Opaawaho) is also the name for the lower part of the Heathcote River.[5] There was a kāinga located near the present-day Vincent Place and Judge Street intersection. Māori that lived here used the surrounding swamplands and the Heathcote River as a source of lamprey and eels. This pā was also a resting place for Māori travelling between Kaiapoi Pā and the Banks Peninsula.[6][7] The name of the village itself was Poho-Areare it is also the name of an early rangatira of Ōpāwaho settlement and his name is also applied to a walking track which led from the settlement to South New Brighton. Later, Tūrakipō was the settlement's chief.[8][9]

The Māori name for the swamplands which the Heathcote River drained is Te Kuru.[10] Later, the area south of Linwood and Woolston became a rural-agricultural locality. Early European settlers in Opawa were farmers and people of English descent, many of whom came from relatively wealthy families. In Opawa's early years, the centre of the locality was reportedly the corner of Locarno Street and Opawa Road, where the St Mark's Anglican Church is sited.[11] Opawa was Christchurch's first high society suburb. It was established around a loop of the Heathcote River, where a number of large houses were built on large riverside sections.[12] The population of Opawa grew as people left Woolston's industrial areas including factory-workers who could not find homes in Woolston.[13] Opawa suffered some damage in the 2010 Canterbury earthquake. One section of shops along Opawa Road had been closed due to the damage, while the other shops remained operating as usual. And, several homes had been damaged by collapsing chimneys.[14]

Geography[edit]

Locale of Opawa Road's main retail area, Brougham Street, and the Main South Line c. 2024

State Highway 76 (Brougham Street) and the Main South Line traverse north through the suburb. Other suburbs nearby include, Murray Aynsley Hill, Huntsbury, St Martins, Waltham, Hillsborough, and Linwood.[15] The flat area between Opawa and Heathcote Valley enters a substantial locale of industrial businesses.[16] The suburb's main roads are Opawa Road and Ensors Road. The main retail precinct is centred on Opawa Road,[17] it was developed on one of the earliest settled routes, at the intersection of Hawford and Reeves Roads.[18]

The area between Brougham Street and Moorhouse Avenue traversing Waltham and Sydenham accommodates many small businesses and light industrial premises.[19] The Main South Line used to provide one of Christchurch's largest industries the Addington Railway Workshops, in Addington.[20] The railways had local significance as they stimulated settlement beyond the confines of the "original suburbs". In Opawa, residents had frequent trains to Christchurch passing daily through the district. When compared with the other modes of transportation, train travel was not convenient or simple.[21]

The primary road supporting the transportion in the area is State Highway 76 (Brougham Street) which traverses from the north through the suburb, also through Sydenham and Brougham Street, going thoroughfare the suburbs of Hillsborough and Opawa, then Port Hills Road connecting with Tunnel Road to pass through the Lyttelton road tunnel at Heathcote Valley.[22] Opawa Road is no longer the primary thoroughfare through to Lyttelton and Heathcote.[23]

Landmarks[edit]

Risingholme (July 2024)
The Hollies (April 2016)
St Marks Church (February 2022)

"Risingholme" was built in 1864 by Mary and William Reeves. Up until 1943, the building was owned by several private owners. It was later purchased by John McKenzie in 1943. The building was gifted to the city council for the "health, amusement and instruction of the public". Established in 1944, it became one of New Zealand's first community centres.[24] It has a Category 2 listing with Heritage New Zealand.[25]

"Fownhope" was built in 1868 its historically significant for its connection with Edward Harley, an English settler, who worked as an accountant, and Frederick Bowler. The house is built from mataī and other native New Zealand trees. The floor in the house is lined with baltic pine, which was brought from Europe. Fownhope has a strong link to early European settlement in the area, and is representative of what many houses were at the time. It has a Category 2 listing with Heritage New Zealand and the Christchurch City Council recognises a "Group 3" listing to the Fownhope.[26][27]

The Hollies was built in 1871, it is an early colonial house built by English-born mechanice Edward Richardson. Richardson was responsible for overseeing the completion of the Lyttelton rail tunnel. Richardson was born in England where he trained as a civil engineer before emigrating to Christchurch. The building sits fairly close to the eastern boundary facing the Heathcote River. The Hollies is a Category 2 heritage-listed building.[28][29]

St Mark's Anglican Church is located on Opawa Road. Its foundation stone was laid in May 1865 by Bishop Selwyn, the first Primate of New Zealand.[30] In December 1949 the old St Mark's Anglican Church was destroyed by fire. This severance with the church for many people was one of the few remaining links to Christchurch's early European settlers. Relics of the church's interesting history have been damaged beyond repair.[31] A new church was constructed on the same site and reopened four years later in December 1953.[32]

Roxburghe is located on 44 Opawa Road. It was built by businessman William Wombwell Charters in 1879. The building is significant because of it being a fine example of an Italianate villa. The dwelling suffered considerable damage during the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquakes. New foundations were laid and the building was repaired.[33][34]

Another landmark is an untitled house located on 9 Ford Road. Noted residents here include Otto and Margaret Frankel. This dwelling holds historic significance for its connection with an Austrian architect Ernst Plischke and the significant number of European intellectuals seeking refuge in New Zealand to escape the increasing influence of Nazism in the 1930s.[35] It has a Category 2 listing with Heritage New Zealand.[36]

Governance[edit]

In its early days, Opawa was a riding of the Heathcote County Council.[37] In December 1915, a deputation from the district presented to the Christchurch City Council asserting that more than seventy out of 210 ratepayers in the area had backed the idea of joining together at a public meeting. The spokesperson of the deputation, J. Clarke, argued that the "City could offer much more to the residents of Opawa than the County Council would." Additionally, Clarke stated that the local homeowners were "Quite willing to pay a little more in rates in order to enjoy the city services." George Scott, the chairman of Heathcote and a city councilor, was in favour for the entire county merging with Christchurch as long as its capital value rating could be preserved.[38] It was favoured to amalgate Opawa to the city area in a proposal in February 1916.[39]

Opawa was incorporated in to the city area in October 1916.[40][41] Its neighbouring suburb of Woolston remained a self-governing borough until its amalgamation with the city in November 1921.[42] The Christchurch City Council administers Opawa. The suburb is part of the Heathcote Ward for Christchurch City Council local body elections.[43] The current city councillor is Sara Templeton.[44] At a national level, Opawa currently is part of the Christchurch Central parliamentary electorate.[45] The member of parliament is Duncan Webb of the Labour Party.[46]

Demographics[edit]

Opawa covers 0.81 km2 (0.31 sq mi).[1] It had an estimated population of 1,320 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 1,630 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20061,434—    
20131,302−1.37%
20181,365+0.95%
Source: [47]

Opawa had a population of 1,365 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 63 people (4.8%) since the 2013 census, and a decrease of 69 people (−4.8%) since the 2006 census. There were 504 households, comprising 642 males and 723 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.89 males per female. The median age was 47.5 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 219 people (16.0%) aged under 15 years, 186 (13.6%) aged 15 to 29, 621 (45.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 342 (25.1%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 90.8% European/Pākehā, 6.6% Māori, 1.3% Pasifika, 5.1% Asian, and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 21.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 52.7% had no religion, 37.8% were Christian, 0.9% were Hindu, 1.1% were Buddhist and 2.2% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 363 (31.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 195 (17.0%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $33,300, compared with $31,800 nationally. 222 people (19.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 501 (43.7%) people were employed full-time, 180 (15.7%) were part-time, and 30 (2.6%) were unemployed.[47] Many of the early residents of Opawa were businesspeople and factory-workers who could not find homes in Woolston.[48]

Education[edit]

See also: List of schools in Christchurch
St Marks School (July 2024)

Opawa has no secondary schools, although it does contain three primary schools and two kindergartens. Opawa School, one of North Canterbury's oldest schools, is located on Ford Road. In 1920, foundation of a new school at Opawa was laid.[49] Today, Opawa School (Te Kura o Ōpāwaho) is a full-primary school for years 1 to 8,[50] with a roll of 313 students. The school initially opened in 1872.[51] There are two kindergartens in the suburb, one located on Cholmondeley Avenue and another kindergarten located on Butler Street.[52][53]

Christchurch Rudolf Steiner School is a state-integrated composite school for years 1 to 13.[54] It is located on Ombersley Terrace and has a roll of 328 students. The school opened in 1975 and became state-integrated in 1989.[55][56] St Mark's School is an Anglican state-integrated full primary school for years 1 to 8, it is located on Cholmondeley Avenue.[57] It has a roll of 218 students. It was established in 1921.[58][59] The nearest secondary school is in Phillipstown located on Aldwins Road, Te Aratai College (formely Linwood College) situated 2.5 km (1.6 mi) to the north.[60] All these schools are co-educational. Rolls are as of February 2024.[61]

Amenities[edit]

Opawa is home to the Opawa Bowling Club and the Opawa Lawn Tennis Club.[62] Opawa Bowling Club had its fiftieth jubilee in March 1958.[63] The Alpine Ice Centre on Brougham Street is Christchurch's main ice sports venue.[64] It hosts the Canterbury Red Devils.[65] The suburb is located approximately 3.7 km (2.3 mi) from Lancaster Park,[66] Christchurch's main former sporting venue and has since been transformed into a public park with facilities for community sport.[67] Recreational parks in Opawa include Risingholme Park, Hansens Park, and Ensors Park.[68]

Notable people[edit]

William Reeves (1823–1891)

Notable people with Opawa connections include many of whom were born in the suburb and some were the suburb's early settlers.

References[edit]

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  2. ^ a b "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
  3. ^ Ogilvie, Gordon (2009). The Port Hills of Christchurch. Christchurch, New Zealand. p. 175. ISBN 9780958331562.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ Reed 2010, p. 278.
  5. ^ "MAORI NAMES. ATTEMPT TO PRESERVE THEM IN CANTERBURY". Papers Past. Lyttelton Times. 30 December 1901. p. 2. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
  6. ^ Tau, Goodall & Palmer 1990, p. 20–22.
  7. ^ Gillespie, 2007, p. 1
  8. ^ "Ōpāwaho – Heathcote River". Christchurch City Libraries. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  9. ^ Gillespie, 2007, p. 1–2
  10. ^ Taylor 1952, p. 49.
  11. ^ Wilson, 2005, p. 135 and Morrison, 1948, p. 33
  12. ^ McDonald, Liz (12 December 2007). "High society in Opawa". The Press. Christchurch, New Zealand – via ProQuest.
  13. ^ Wilson, 2005, p. 135 and Morrison, 1948, p. 33
  14. ^ "Earthquake damage by suburb". The Press. 4 February 2011. Archived from the original on 16 September 2018. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  15. ^ "Place name detail: Opawa". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  16. ^ "Heathcote Ward Profile February 2023" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  17. ^ "Suburb snapshot. Opawa; On the market". The Press (2 ed.). Christchurch, New Zealand. 6 April 2006. ISSN 0113-9762.
  18. ^ Morrison 1948, p. 78.
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  24. ^ "Community returns home to Christchurch's historic Risingholme". Christchurch City Council. 5 June 2019. Archived from the original on 20 February 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
  25. ^ "Risingholme". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  26. ^ "House". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  27. ^ Killick, David (7 May 1997). "Crafted home a cosy retreat". The Press. Christchurch, New Zealand – via ProQuest.
  28. ^ "The Hollies – 188 Richardson Terrace / 67E Vincent Place, Christchurch" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 10 March 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  29. ^ "The Hollies". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 22 June 2024.
  30. ^ A Short History of S.MARK'S CHURCH OPAWA 1865–1965. 1965. p. 6. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
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  32. ^ "ST. MARK'S CHURCH, OPAWA". The Press. 3 December 1953. Archived from the original on 10 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Papers Past.
  33. ^ Rea, Anabela (15 May 2024). "1879 colonial mansion a quake survivor". Stuff. Archived from the original on 23 May 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  34. ^ "Dwelling And Setting, Roxburghe – 41D Opawa Road, Christchurch" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 1 March 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  35. ^ "Dwelling And Setting — 9 Ford Road, Opawa, Christchurch" (PDF). Christchurch City Council. 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  36. ^ "House". New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero. Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 7 July 2024.
  37. ^ "Opawa Lighting". Sun (Christchurch). 23 October 1915. p. 10. Retrieved 10 July 2024 – via Papers Past.
  38. ^ Watson, James (1989). Along The Hills A History of the Heathcote Road Board and the Heathcote County Council 1864–1989. Christchurch, New Zealand: Caxton Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780473008512.
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  47. ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Opawa (330900). 2018 Census place summary: Opawa
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  50. ^ Education Counts: Opawa School
  51. ^ "Welcome From Our Principal". Ōpāwa School. Archived from the original on 5 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
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  64. ^ Note: Christchurch currently has no formal definition of the boundaries of suburbs, and as a result there can be inconsistencies between sources in the suburb. (see this) Some sources might differ while referring to the ice sports centre as being apart of Waltham, other sources might refer to it as being apart of Opawa (e.g. its official website)
  65. ^ "Alpine Ice Sports Centre Christchurch". eurohockey.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2021. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
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Works cited[edit]

  • Morrison, J.P. (1948). The evolution of a city: the story of the growth of the city and suburbs of Christchurch, the capital of Canterbury, in the years from 1850 to 1903. Christchurch, New Zealand: Christchurch City Council.
  • Tau, T.M; Goodall, A.; Palmer, D. (1990). Te Whakatau Kaupapa: Ngai Tahu resource management strategy for the Canterbury Region. Wellington, New Zealand: National Library of New Zealand. ISBN 0473011476.
  • Taylor, W.A (1952). Lore and history of the South Island Māori. Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 9781927207024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Reed, A. W. (2010). Peter Dowling (ed.). Place Names of New Zealand. Rosedale, North Shore: Raupo. ISBN 978-0-14-320410-7.
  • Wilson, John (2005). Contextual Historical Overview of Christchurch City (PDF) (report). Christchurch: Christchurch City Council. ISBN 9781877313219. OCLC 156459064. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2023 – via Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission.
  • Gillespie, Noel (2007). Opawa: The Outpost on the Banks of the Heathcote: The Colourful History of One of Christchurch's Oldest Settlements. Christchurch, New Zealand. ISBN 9780473124045.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links[edit]

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